How to Prevent Gun Rust: Essential Tips for Gun Owners

Rust is a common enemy for firearm enthusiasts. It's a form of iron oxide that occurs when iron or its alloys (like steel) are exposed to moisture and oxygen over time. This seemingly minor chemical reaction can significantly damage your firearms, affecting their performance, safety, and longevity. Understanding what rust is, why and how it occurs in firearms, and how to prevent gun rust is crucial for maintaining your firearms in top condition.

What is Rust?

Rust is a reddish-brown flaky coating that forms on iron or steel due to the reaction between iron, oxygen, and water. This process, known as oxidation, eats away at the metal, weakening its structure. In firearms, rust can cause serious issues, including pitting (small holes in the metal), which can compromise the firearm's integrity and safety. 

Why and How Does Rust Occur in Firearms?

Firearms are particularly susceptible to rust for several reasons:

• Exposure to Moisture: Even minimal exposure to humidity or water can initiate the rusting process. Guns used in humid environments or during rainy weather are at higher risk.
• Sweat: Handling firearms with bare hands transfers sweat onto the metal surfaces. Sweat contains salts that accelerate rust formation.
• Residue: Gunpowder residue, dirt, and other contaminants can hold moisture against the metal, promoting rust.
• Improper Storage: Storing firearms in damp or humid conditions can lead to rust. Even small changes in temperature and humidity can create condensation, contributing to rust formation.

Prevent Gun Rust: Proper Storage Techniques

Proper storage is critical to prevent gun rust. Here are some tips to ensure your firearms remain rust-free:

• Controlled Environment: Store your firearms in a cool, dry place. A gun safe with a dehumidifier or silica gel packs can help maintain low humidity levels.
• Regular Maintenance: Clean and oil your firearms regularly. Use a quality gun oil to create a protective barrier against moisture.
• Protective Covers: Use gun socks or soft cases with moisture-wicking properties for additional protection when storing your firearms.
• Avoid Basements and Attics: These areas often have fluctuating temperatures and humidity levels, which can promote rust.
• Safe Positioning: Store firearms in an upright position if possible. This prevents oil from pooling in one area and ensures even protection.
• Avoid Foam-Lined Cases: Foam can hold moisture and storing your firearms in direct contact with a material with a high potential to create a humid environment can accelerate rust development.

Finishes and Materials That Help Resist Rust

Manufacturers use various finishes and materials to make firearms more resistant to rust. Each method offers unique advantages and considerations for maintenance and application. Here are some of the most common. 

Bluing

Bluing is a traditional method that has been used for generations to protect firearms from rust. This process involves creating a layer of magnetite (Fe3O4) on the surface of the steel through a controlled oxidation process. Bluing provides a degree of rust resistance and gives firearms a classic, aesthetically pleasing look. However, blued firearms require regular maintenance, including frequent oiling and cleaning, to remain effective. However, be aware that aggressive rust removers will eat blueing since its a form of oxide. The thin oxide layer can wear away, exposing the underlying metal to moisture and air, which can lead to rust if not properly cared for. 

Stainless Steel

Stainless steel firearms are crafted from steel alloys containing chromium, which enhances their resistance to rust and corrosion. The chromium forms a passive layer of chromium oxide on the surface, which prevents oxygen from reaching the underlying metal. While stainless steel is not completely rust-proof, it is significantly less likely to rust than regular carbon steel, making it a popular choice for firearms used in humid or corrosive environments. Despite its improved resistance, stainless steel still benefits from regular cleaning and maintenance to ensure its longevity and performance.

Cerakote and Other Coatings

Modern firearms often feature advanced coatings like Cerakote, which provide excellent protection against rust and wear. Cerakote is a ceramic-based finish that can be added to metal surfaces to seal out moisture and other corrosive elements. By preventing moisture from reaching the steel, Cerakote helps to prevent rust formation. However, while Cerakote offers superior protection, it is not impenetrable. Regular maintenance, similar to that required for traditional finishes, is still necessary to ensure the coating remains effective. Cerakote is available in a wide range of colors and finishes, allowing for both functional and aesthetic customization.

Savage recently added the capability to do Cerakote finishes in our Westfield, MA factory to provide high-quality, factory-applied protection against rust.

Nickel and Chrome Plating

Nickel and chrome plating are popular methods for enhancing the durability and rust resistance of firearms. These plating processes involve electroplating a thin layer of nickel or chrome onto the surface of the firearm. Nickel plating provides a hard, durable finish that resists corrosion and tarnishing, making it suitable for firearms exposed to high levels of moisture or wear. Chrome plating, known for its hardness and durability, offers excellent resistance to rust and wear, often used on parts such as barrels and internal components. Both finishes require less maintenance than bluing but still benefit from regular cleaning to maintain their protective properties.

What to Do If Your Firearm Develops Rust

Despite your best efforts to prevent gun rust, it can still occur. If you find rust on your firearm, it's essential to act quickly to minimize damage.

WARNING! Always keep the muzzle pointed in a safe direction. Make sure your firearm is completely unloaded and ensure that your workspace is void of ammunition at all times. The safety should be set to the Full Safe position. Always wear eye protection while working on a firearm. Consult your owner’s manual.

1. Assess the Damage: Determine the extent of the rust. Surface rust can often be removed with minimal impact, but deeper pitting may require professional attention. 
2. Gather Supplies: You will need a soft cloth, a brass or nylon brush, fine steel wool, gun oil, and rust remover.
3. Remove Surface Rust: First wipe the area clean with an oiled rag. Sometimes that's all it takes to remove light surface rust. Apply gun oil to the rusted area and let it sit for a few minutes. Gently rub the area with a brass or nylon brush to loosen the rust. For more stubborn rust, use fine steel wool with a light touch to avoid scratching the metal.
4. Clean Thoroughly: After removing the rust, clean the area thoroughly with a soft cloth and more gun oil to remove any remaining residue.
5. Apply Protective Coating: Once the rust is removed, apply a fresh coat of gun oil to protect the metal from future rust.

If you have any questions, please refer to your owner’s manual and call Savage customer service team at 1-800-370-0708 (Monday-Friday, 8am-5pm ET)

Rust is a persistent threat to firearms, but with proper care and maintenance, you can prevent gun rust and keep your firearms in optimal condition. Always store your firearms in a controlled environment, clean and oil them regularly, and use protective finishes and coatings to enhance their rust resistance. If rust does develop, address it promptly to minimize damage. By following these guidelines, you'll ensure that your firearms remain reliable, safe, and ready for use when you need them.

Knowing how to prevent gun rust is a vital part of responsible gun ownership. A little effort goes a long way in preserving the longevity and functionality of your firearms, ensuring they serve you well for years to come.